A passzív szerkezetek a magyar nyelvtől mára már eléggé idegenül csengő, régies forma. Az indogermán nyelvekben azonban fennmaradt és nagyon gyakran használt szerkezet. „A -tatik,-tetik szerkezet a magyar nyelvben nem használtatik, kivéve a születik”.

Használata: az úgynevezett aktív mondattal szemben, ahol alannyal kezdjük a mondatot, a passzív mondatban nem a cselekvőn, hanem a cselekvésen van a hangsúly. A cselekvő nem lényeges, nem tudjuk ki az, vagy nem akarjuk megnevezni.

Képzése: be + a főige 3. alakja Az aktív mondat tárgya válik a passzív mondat alanyává. Az eredeti alanyt a by kötőszóval tudjuk a keretbe foglalni.

Igeidő Alany Ige Tárgy
Simple Present Active: Sue reads a book.
Passive: A book is read by Sue.
Simple Past Active: Sue read a book.
Passive: A book was read by Sue.
Present Perfect Active: Sue has read a book.
Passive: A book has been read by Sue.
Future I Active: Sue will read a book.
Passive: A book will be read by Sue.
Segédige Active: Sue can read a book.
Passive: A book can be read by Sue.

 

Igeidő Alany Ige Tárgy
Present Continuous
 Active: Sue is reading a book.
Passive: A book is being read by Sue.
Past Continuous
 Active: Sue was reading a book.
Passive: A book was being read by Sue.
Past Perfect Active: Sue had read a book.
Passive: A book had been read by Sue.
Future II Active: Sue will have read a book.
Passive: A book will have been read by Sue.
Conditional I Active: Sue would read a book.
Passive: A book would be read by Sue.
Conditional II Active: Sue would have read a book.
Passive: A book would have been read by Sue.

Mint látjuk a különböző igeidők sajátos passzív szerkezettel rendelkeznek. Ezek tulajdonképpen az adott igeidő jellemző szerkezetei a passzív „be +3. alak”-kal összefésülve. Mindig a passzív szerkezetet az adott igeidőre jellemző szerkezettel vezetjük be, majd a passzív szerkezet be igéje, ami elszenvedi a változásokat, a főige pedig mindig 3. alakba fog kerülni és zárja az igék sorát.

 

Gyakorlatok

 

  • the picture / paint (Simple Present)
  • the door / open (Simple Past)
  • the house / clean (Present Continuous)
  • the car/ wash (Past Continuous)
  • the window/ close (Present Perfect)
  • the homework / do (Past perfect)
  • the window / break (Simple future)
  • the letter/ write (Should + Verb)

 

Somebody cleans the room every week.  The room is cleaned every week.
2) Somebody sends emails . Emails are sent.
3) Somebody is washing the car. The car is being washed.
4) Somebody has eaten chocolate . Chocolate has been eaten.
5) Somebody often steals bikes. Bikes are often stolen.
6) Somebody is playing loud music . Loud music is being played.
7) Somebody was speaking German here . German was being spoken here.
8) Somebody loves the London parks . London parks are loved.
9) Somebody has drunk beer . Beer has been drunk.
10) Somebody writes a book . A book is written.
11) Somebody loves him. He is loved.
12) Somebody is using a computer . A computer is being used.
13) Somebody cooks dinner every day . Dinner is cooked every day.
14) Somebody bought milk in the mornings . Milk was bought every day.
15) Somebody is going to buy flowers for the flat . Flowers are going to be bought for the flat.
16) Somebody washes the car every week . The car is washed every week.
17) Somebody will write a report by Friday . The report will be written by Friday.
18) Somebody is fixing the roads . The roads are being fixed.
19) Somebody builds new houses every year . New houses are built every year.
20) Somebody is going to sell vegetables in the market.                                Vegetables are going to be sold in the market.

Speciális szerkezetek:

They say he is 100 years old.  – He is said to be 100 years old. It is said that he is 100 years old. 100 évesnek mondják.


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